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Home → Paul Cuffe

Paul Cuffe

Paul Cuffe’s father, Cuff Slocum, was born free in West Africa. He was enslaved and brought on a slave ship to Newport when he was 11. He gained his freedom when he was 28. Soon thereafter he married Ruth Moses, a Wampanoag woman from Cape Cod and they had 10 children.

Paul Cuffe was born January 17, 1759, on Cuttyhunk Island, which is part of the Elizabeth Islands south of Westport. His family lived in a house like this. His father used the small sailboat for traveling between the islands and for fishing.

Paul grew up on Cuttyhunk helping his father and brothers tend sheep and catch fish. He learned about boats and sailing. Did he dream of going to sea and becoming a ship captain?

Paul was a crew member on two whaling ships when he was 14 and 16 years old. On a third whaling voyage in 1776, he and his shipmates were captured by the British Navy and imprisoned for three months.

After Paul was released from prison, he used a shallop to secretly deliver supplies to Nantucket which was being blockaded throughout the War by the British Navy. Pirates stopped him twice and stole his cargo and even his boat one time

Paul Cuffe married a Wampanoag woman named Alice Abel Pequit. They first lived in a wetu like this near Russells Mills

IN 1789, Cuffe purchased a small property on the west bank of the Westport River where he set up a shipbuilding business. He built 5 ships. The last, shown in this painting, was a brig named Traveller. It was his favorite ship. He sailed it to Europe and Africa many times.

There were no public schools in Westport when Paul’s children were young and he wanted them to have an education. So, he built the first schoolhouse in Westport near his boatyard, hired a teacher, and welcomed any children who wished to attend.

Paul Cuffe was strongly opposed to slavery. In 1810, he sailed past Westport Point in Traveller on his way to Africa. He wanted to see how he might help the African people find alternatives to being sold as slaves.

When he returned to Westport from Sierra Leone in 1812, local customs officials seized his ship and cargo because he was bringing goods from what was then an enemy colony. Paul Cuffe traveled by stagecoach to Washington to seek recovery of his ship and cargo. He was able to meet with President James Madison at the White House and obtain an order releasing his ship and cargo. He was probably the first person of color to be received at the White House by an American President.

On Traveller, Paul Cuffe sailed from Westport again in 1815 to Sierra Leone carrying 38 free black people who volunteered to go to Africa to help the people of Africa become more productive.

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Westport Historical Society 25 Drift Road, Westport, MA 02790 (508)-636-6011

P.O. Box N188 Westport MA, 02790

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